Social isolation and loneliness among immigrant and refugee seniors in Canada: a scoping review

Purpose Social isolation and loneliness are global issues experienced by many seniors, especially immigrant and refugee seniors. Guided by the five-stage methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and more recently Levac, Colquhoun and O'Brien, the purpose of this paper is to explore the existing literature on social isolation and loneliness among immigrant and refugee seniors in Canada. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a literature search of several databases including: PubMed; MEDLINE; CINAHL; Web of Science; HealthStar Ovid; PschyInfo Ovid; Social Services Abstracts; AgeLine; Public Health Database, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. In total, 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings Based on the current literature five themes related to social isolation and loneliness emerged: loss; living arrangements; dependency; barriers and challenges; and family conflict. Social implications Social isolation is a waste of human resource and value created by seniors in the communities. Originality/value The paper makes a unique contribution by focusing on immigrant and refugee seniors.