Ethylene spark ignition experiments were conducted based on an variable energy igniter at the inflow conditions of Ma = 2.1 with stagnation state T-0 = 846 K, P-0 = 0.7 MPa. By comparing the spark energy and spark frequency of four typical operation conditions of the igniter, it is indicated that the spark energy determines the scale of the spark and the spark existing time. The spark frequency plays a role of sustaining flame and promoting the formation and propagation of the flame kernel, and it is also the dominant factor determining the ignition time compared with the spark energy. The spark power, which is the product of the spark energy and spark frequency, is the key factor affecting the ignition process. For a fixed spark power, the igniter operation condition of high spark frequency with low spark energy always exhibits a better ignition ability. As approaching the lean fuel limit, only the igniter operation condition (87 Hz and 3.0 J) could achieve a successful ignition, where the other typical operation conditions (26 Hz and 10.5 J, 247 Hz and 0.8 J, 150 Hz and 1.4 J) failed.