The role of the C1 domain in membrane translocation and activation of PKCs has been well-studied. PKCs belong to the superfamily of serine threonine kinases that play a central role in intracellular signal transduction and regulate divergent cellular functions, such as cell growth, cell differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis by phosphorylating target proteins. Recent review articles on C1 domains primarily highlight its role in the activation of the related signaling pathways and its importance as a target for natural and synthetic ligands. The present article provides a comprehensive structural analysis of various C1 domains, and their binding affinity for various natural and synthetic ligands, and it discusses structural basis of ligand-binding, and the future perspectives of research on C1domains.