Time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in pediatric patients using sensitivity encoding

Purpose: To evaluate the role of time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) using sensitivity encoding in imaging the thoraco-abdominal vessels in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: Thoraco-abdominal vessels of 22 pediatric patients (median age = 5 years) were evaluated with a 3D CE-MRA technique in combination with SENSE following a 0.2 mmol/kg injection of Gd-chelate. The acquisition parameters were as follows: TR/TE = 5/1.1 msec: flip angle = 40degrees; in-plane phase encoding steps were reduced by a factor of 2 using sensitivity encoding (SENSE); 3D volume acquisition was repeated four to eight times consecutively during free breathing (four to eight dynamics) 1 with a mean temporal resolution of 6.8 seconds/dynamic; and mean acquired voxel size = 1.4 x 1.7 x 3.1 min (reconstructed as 1.4 x 1.4 x 1.55 mm). Arterial-to-venous signal intensity ratios (AVRs) were computed for each dynamic. Results: All images were successfully reconstructed and were of diagnostic quality. The AVRs of prepeak, peak, and postpeak arterial volumes were 1.0 +/- 0.5, 6.1 +/- 3.3, and 1.3 +/- 0.9, respectively, indicating good arterial-to-venous separation. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the peak arterial volume was 41 +/- 26. Conclusion: Our results suggest that it is feasible to apply SENSE to a conventional 3D CE-MRA technique in a time-resolved fashion for imaging the thoraco-abdominal vessels in pediatric patients during free breathing.