Synthesis of 1-aminoalkyl-2-naphthols derivatives using an engineered copper-based nanomagnetic catalyst (Fe3O4@CQD@Si (OEt)(CH2)3NH@CC@N3@phenylacetylene@Cu)

In the present study, a molecular level engineered-based method was used to synthesis a copper-based nanomagnetic catalyst (Fe3O4@CQD@Si (OEt)(CH2)(3)NH@CC@N-3@phenylacetylene@Cu). The as-synthesized catalyst was characterized using different techniques, including infrared (IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and EDX elemental mapping, induced coupled plasma (ICP), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The Fe3O4 nanoparticles surface were protected using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) instead of conventional SiO2. The activity of the as-synthesized catalyst was evaluated in the synthesis of 1-aminoalkyl-2-naphthols derivatives. The solvent-free condition with low reaction time and high reaction yield is the results of the prepared catalyst. How the reaction was triggered by the catalyst was determined by the IR. The as-synthesized catalyst provides an 87.5% reaction yield after five cycles. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), EDX, TEM, TGA, and mapping analyses were taken to examine the stability of the recovered catalyst. All elements, especially Cu with 2.4 wt%, are present in the recovered catalyst. These findings provide strong evidence for the stability of the as-synthesized novel copper-based heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst. The effect of temperature and the amount of the catalyst (optimum reaction condition) were determined using a systematic approach, namely, the design of experiment (DOE).