In the course of a pot experiment, a significant difference was detected in the number of actinomycetes on the roots of different barley varieties growing on acid and limed soddy-podzolic soil. It was shown that a wide range of actinomycetal isolates from the rhizosphere of barley in the acid soddy-podzolic soil possesses antifungal activity. The possibility is discussed for increasing plant tolerance to pathogenic organisms causing root rot of crops via the breeding of genotypes with an increased capability for interaction with mycelial prokaryotes.