Regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in different cultivars of cotton (Gossypium spp.)

In vitro studies related to somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis were performed in different cultivars of cotton. Gossypium hirsatum cultivars SH-131, LH-900, Hybrid H8, Khandwa-2, and Gossypium arboreum cultivars BD-1, BD-6, Sarvottam, and Jawahar Tapti were screened for their ability to regenerate in vitro. Cotyledonary leaves and hypocotyls were used as explants. Vigorous, callusing was observed in G. arboreum cultivars. Globular somatic embryos were formed in BD-1, BD-6, Sarvottam, Jawahar Tapti, SH-131, and LH-900. Heart-shaped and torpedo stages were also observed. Embryos of BD-1 and BD-6 germinated and formed distinct shoot and root poles. 2-Isopentenyladenine (2iP) was effective in the induction of somatic embryos. Hybrid H8 and Khandwa-2 regenerated by directly forming shoots when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine and formed roots on hormone-free MS medium.