Multiple dynamic cavernous malformations in a girl: long-term follow-up

Background: Cavernous malformations have generally been viewed as fairly benign vascular lesions with low potential for causing massive hemorrhage. Case Description: We present an interesting case of multiple CMs, several of which were formed de novo and exhibited aggressive biological behavior resulting in recurrent episodes of intracranial hemorrhage over a 10-year period. This case illustrates a dynamic and aggressive form of CMs. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of CMs implicate genetics as an important pathogenic factor, which is the most likely etiology of this patient's presentation. Conclusion: Special challenges exist in managing young children with multiple, highly aggressive CMs. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.