Comparison of two computer techniques and a visual technique for the estimation of wheat leaf consumption by cereal leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Three techniques for estimating wheat foliage defoliation by cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.), larvae were evaluated. The techniques were visual estimation, computer estimation with image capture through a flatbed scanner (Lanalyze), and a commercially available Video computer image analysis system (CIAS). Both computer-assisted techniques exhibited high levels of repeatability. Both consistently produced errors of less than 3 percent, although each system exhibited different error patterns. The Lanalyze system tended to systematically underestimate actual defoliation of mock leaves, while the CIAS system tended to overestimate actual defoliation. Visual estimators exhibited greater Variation among estimates and, on average, greater discrepancies from actual defoliation when compared with the computer assisted techniques. The experience of the observer had a bearing on the accuracy and consistency of Visual estimates; more experienced observers had the best accuracy.