Cytotoxic outcomes of orthodontic bands with and without silver solder in different cell lineages

Introduction: The safety of orthodontic materials is a matter of high interest. In this study, we aimed to assess the in-vitro cytotoxicity of orthodontic band extracts, with and without silver solder, by comparing the viability outcomes of the HaCat keratinocytes, the fibroblastic cell lineages HGF and MRC-5, and the kidney epithelial Vero cells. Methods: Sterilized orthodontic bands with and without silver solder joints were added to culture media (6 cm(2)/mL) and incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees C under continuous agitation. Subsequently, the cell cultures were exposed to the obtained extracts for 24 hours, and an assay was performed to evaluate the cell viability. Copper strip extracts were used as positive control devices. Results: The extracts from orthodontic bands with silver solder joints significantly reduced the viability of the HaCat, MRC-5, and Vero cell lines, whereas the viability of HGF was not altered by this material. Conversely, the extracts of orthodontic bands without silver solder did not significantly modify the viability index of all evaluated cell lines. Conclusions: Except for HGF fibroblasts, all tested cell lines showed decreased viability percentages after exposure to extracts of orthodontic bands containing silver solder joints. These data show the relevance of testing the toxicity of orthodontic devices in different cell lines.