Effects of Cathode Location and the Size of Anode on Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Leg Motor Area in Healthy Humans

被引:32
作者
Foerstert, Aguida S. [1 ,2 ]
Rezaee, Zeynab [3 ]
Paulus, Walter [1 ]
Nitsche, Michael A. [2 ,4 ]
Dutta, Anirban [3 ]
机构
[1] Georg August Univ Gottingen, Univ Med Gottingen, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, Gottingen, Germany
[2] IfADO Lelbniz Res Ctr Working Environm & Human Fa, Dortmund, Germany
[3] Univ Buffalo State Univ New York SUNY, Dept Biomed Engn, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA
[4] BG Univ Hosp Bergmannsheil, Dept Neurol, Bochum, Germany
来源
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE | 2018年 / 12卷
关键词
lower limb motor cortex; stimulation parameters; motor cortex excitability; modeling; transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS); MAGNETIC STIMULATION; CORTEX EXCITABILITY; TDCS; EEG; PLASTICITY; ELECTRODES; INTENSITY; WALKING; STROKE;
D O I
10.3389/fnins.2018.00443
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Objective: Non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) involves passing low currents through the brain and is a promising tool for the modulation of cortical excitability. In this study, we investigated the effects of cathode location and the size of anode for anodal tDCS of the right-leg area of the motor cortex, which is challenging due to its depth and orientation in the inter-hemispheric fissure. Methods: We first computationally investigated the effects of cathode location and the size of the anode to find the best montage for specificity of stimulation effects for the targeted leg motor area using finite element analysis (FEA). We then compared the best electrode montage found from FEA with the conventional montage (contralateral supraorbital cathode) via neurophysiological testing of both, the targeted as well as the contralateral leg motor area. Results: The conventional anodal tDCS electrode montage for leg motor cortex stimulation using a large-anode (5 cm x 7 cm, current strength 2 mA) affected the contralateral side more strongly in both the FEA and the neurophysiological testing when compared to other electrode montages. A small-anode (3.5 cm x 1 cm at 0.2 mA) with the same current density at the electrode surface and identical contralateral supraorbital cathode placement improved specificity. The best cathode location for the small-anode in terms of specificity for anodal tDCS of the right-leg motor area was T7 (10-10 EEG system). Conclusion: A small-anode (3.5 cm x 1 cm) with the same current density at the electrode surface as a large-anode (5 cm x 7 cm) resulted in similar cortical excitability alterations of the targeted leg motor cortex respresentation. In relation to the other stimulation conditions, the small-anode montage with the cathode positioned at T7 resulted in the best specificity.
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页数:12
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