Influence of ship emissions on ozone concentrations around coastal areas during summer season

The influence of ship emissions on ozone (O-3) concentrations in a coastal area (CA) including Busan port, Korea was examined based on a numerical modeling approach during a high O-3 episode. The analysis was performed by two sets of simulation scenarios; (1) with ship emissions (e.g., TOTAL case) and (2) without ship emissions (e.g., BASE case). A process analysis (PA) (the integrated processes rate (IPR) and integrated reaction rate (IRR) analyses) was used to evaluate the relative contributions of individual physical and chemical processes in O-3 production in and around the CA (e.g., sites of Dong Sam (DS) and Dae Yeon (DY)). The model Study suggested the possibility that pollutant gases emitted from the ships traversing Busan port can exert a direct impact on the O-3 concentration levels in the CA. Largest impacts of ship emissions on the O-3 concentrations were predicted at the coast (LIP to 15 ppb) and at inland locations (about 5 ppb) due to both the photochemical production of pollutant gases emitted from the ships and meteorological conditions. From the PA, the photochemical production Of O-3 (P(O-3)) due to ship emissions in the CA was found to increase by a mean of 1.5 ppb h(-1) (especially by >= 10 ppb h(-1) at the DS site) during the day. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.