Accurate fault location principle by means of projection operator for distributed parameter transmission lines

A novel fault location algorithm based on the solution of telegraph equations by means of Projection Operator for distributed parameter transmission lines is presented. The voltage and current signals at arbitrary location on the line can be approximated in a sampling function space V-N. By means of projection operator, the voltage and current can be projected on the orthogonal bases of the space VN, as a result, the differential equations with two dimensional variables x and t, is transformed to be that with only one variable x. By solving the one-dimensional differential equation, the fault can be accurately located. The new fault location principle and algorithm are respectively proposed with the proofs of EMTP simulation tests.