Effects of an electric field and current on phase transformations in metals and ceramics

Theoretical and experimental results on the effects of an electric field or current on solid state phase transformations in metals and ceramics are reviewed. Examples are given of the effects on both equilibria and kinetics, and the mechanisms are considered. The available results provide a foundation, but indicate the need for more work. They do, however, indicate that electric fields and currents provide additional parameters for controlling microstructure, and offer the potential for reducing processing costs and related environmental pollution.