Surface structure optimization for cost effective field emission of zinc oxide nanorods on glass substrate

Density and aspect ratio engineering of ZnO growth are very attractive for many applications. In this article, we report the effect of seed layer thickness on the density of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays on glass substrate without any conductive electrode in a low temperature (85 degrees C) chemical bath deposition process. It was demonstrated that when the seed-layer thickness changes from 50 to 200 nm, the nanorod density increases from 7.8 x 10(6) to 6.5 x 10(8) cm(-2). In addition, this density variation is accompanied by the change of both diameter and height of the nanorods. The results on different nanorad arrays showed that the properties of field emission follow the Fowler-Nordheim law. The variation of the density and the aspect ratio was found to have a serious effect on the field emission characteristics. Finally, an optimal density of 10(7)/cm(2) and aspect ratio of 46.48, demonstrated the best field emission profile. The field emission property of a single ZnO nanorod depends mainly upon their aspect ratio, which is essentially attributed to the change of the field enhancement factor in a single ZnO nanorod. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.