Combine particle swarm optimization algorithm and canonical sign digit to design finite impulse response filter

The main contribution of this paper is to design a digital finite impulse response filter using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm combined canonical signed digit (CSD) representation. The design has been done based on matching certain frequency response and the filter coefficients in CSD representation with limited bits and some of coefficients to be zero, simultaneously. Using CSD representation, multipliers can substitute adders, shifters and subtractors. In filter design, the results show that combining PSO and CSD representations simultaneously is better than combining PSO and CSD sequentially. In addition the results, if the common adders and subtractors were computed for all filter coefficients that specified in CSD representation, significantly reduce the complexity of the hardware implementation of digital FIR filter.