Bisphenol A triggers proliferation and migration of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via GPER mediated upregulation of IL-6

Bisphenol A (BPA) can be accumulated into the human body via food intake and inhalation. Numerous studies indicated that BPA can trigger the tumorigenesis and progression of cancer cells. Laryngeal cancer cells can be exposed to BPA directly via food digestion, while there were very limited data concerning the effect of BPA on the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Our present study revealed that nanomolar BPA can trigger the proliferation of LSCC cells. Bisphenol A also increased the in vitro migration and invasion of LSCC cells and upregulated the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 2. Among various chemokines tested, the expression of IL-6 was significantly increased in LSCC cells treated with BPA for 24hours. Neutralization antibody of IL-6 or si-IL-6 can attenuate BPA-induced proliferation and migration of LSCC cells. Targeted inhibition of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, while not estrogen receptor (ER), abolished BPA-induced IL-6 expression, proliferation, and migration of LSCC cells. The increased IL-6 can further activate its downstream signal molecule STAT3, which was evidenced by the results of increased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, while si-IL-6 and si-GPER can both reverse BPA-induced activation of STAT3. Collectively, our present study revealed that BPA can trigger the progression of LSCC via GPER-mediated upregulation of IL-6. Therefore, more attention should be paid for the BPA exposure on the development of laryngeal cancer.