Validation of the Vulvovaginal Symptom Questionnaire in Turkish women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause

Objective: This study aims to psychometrically validate the Turkish version of the Vulvovaginal Symptom Questionnaire (VSQ). Methods: Postmenopausal women with and without genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) were included as the target population and the control group. Psychometric properties were validated both for sexually active (21 items) and passive women (16 items). Several a priori hypotheses were formulated to assess construct validity. Scores of GSM-Assessment Tool, Female Sexual Function Index, Michigan Incontinence Severity Index, Female Genital Self-Image Scale, and Menopause Rating Scale and their correlation with VSQ scores were compared. Results: A total of 242 postmenopausal women were included. The VSQ showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.822 (0.800-0.821) and 0.873 (0.853-0.870) in sexually active and passive women, respectively. Originally proposed model (4-factor model, n = 162) showed adequate fit in women with active sexuality and the 3-factor model (n = 242) showed moderate fit. The test-retest reliability was good for symptoms, emotions, and life impact subscales (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.846, 0.835, and 0.755, respectively) and moderate for sexual impact subscale (ICC: 0.643). More than 75% of hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusions: Our study shows successful cross-cultural adaptation and validation with sufficient psychometric properties for VSQ to be used in Turkish postmenopausal women with GSM.