Potential energy surface and formation of superheavy nuclei with the Skyrme energy-density functional

With the Skyrme energy-density functional theory, the nucleus-nucleus potential is calculated and the potential energy surface is obtained with different effective forces for accurately estimating the formation cross sections of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions. The width and height of the potential pocket are influenced by the Skyrme effective forces SkM, SkM*, SkP, SIII, Ska, and SLy4, which correspond to the different equations of state for the isospin symmetry nuclear matter. It is found that the nucleus-nucleus potential is associated with the collision orientation and Skyrme forces. A more repulsive nuclear potential is pronounced with increasing the incompressible modulus of nuclear matter, which hinders the formation of superheavy nuclei. The available data in the fusion-evaporation reaction of Ca-48+U-238 are nicely reproduced with the SkM* parameter by implementing the potential into the dinuclear system model.