Evolution and diversity of the benthic fauna of the Southern Ocean continental shelf

被引:119
作者
Clarke, A
Aronson, RB
Crame, JA
Gil, JM
Blake, DB
机构
[1] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England
[2] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA
[3] CSIC, CMIMA, Inst Ciencias Mar, Dept Biol Marina, Barcelona 08003, Spain
[4] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
关键词
climatic cooling; extinction; glaciations; Milankovitch; predation; speciation;
D O I
10.1017/S0954102004002329
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The modern benthic fauna of the Antarctic continental shelf is characterized by the lack of active, skeleton-breaking (durophagous) predators such as crabs, lobsters and many fish, and the dominance in many areas of epifaunal suspension feeders. It has often been remarked that these ecological characteristics give the fauna a distinctly Palaeozoic feel, with the assumption that it may be an evolutionary relic. We now know that this is not so, and fossil evidence shows clearly that many of the taxa and life-styles that are absent now were previously present. The modern fauna has been shaped by a number of factors, important among which have been oceanographic changes and the onset of Cenozoic glaciation. Sea-water cooling, and periodic fragmentation of ranges and bathymetric shifts in distribution driven by variability in the size and extent of the continental ice cap on Milankovitch frequencies will all have caused both extinction and allopatric speciation. The modern glacial setting with relatively low terrestrial impact away from immediate coastal regions, and scouring by icebergs are the key factors influencing the ecology and population dynamics for the modern Antarctic benthos.
引用
收藏
页码:559 / 568
页数:10
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