Oleic acid enhances G protein coupled receptor 43 expression in bovine intramuscular adipocytes but not in subcutaneous adipocytes

We hypothesized that fatty acids would differentially affect G protein coupled receptor (GPR) 43 mRNA expression and GPR43 protein concentrations in bovine intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipocytes. The GPR43 protein was detected in bovine liver, pancreas, and semimembranosus (MUS) muscle in samples taken at slaughter. Similarly, GPR43 protein levels were similar in IM adipose tissue and SM muscle but was barely detectable in SC adipose tissue. Primary cultures of IM and SC stromal vascular cells were isolated from bovine adipose tissues. Oleic acid (100 mu M) stimulated PPAR gamma gene expression and decreased stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression but had no effect on GPR43 gene expression, which was readily detectable in both IM and SC adipocytes. Differentiation cocktail (Diff; 10 mu M insulin, 4 mu M dexamethasone, and 10 mu M ciglitizone) stimulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBP beta) and PPAR gamma gene expression in SC but not IM adipocytes, but Diff increased SCD gene expression in both cell types. Linoleic acid (10 mu M) increased PPAR gamma gene expression relative to Diff cocktail in SC adipocytes, whereas linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic decreased SCD gene expression relative to control adipocytes and adipocytes incubated with Diff (P < 0.05). Increasing concentrations of oleic acid (1, 10, 100, and 500 mu M) increased GPR43 protein and mRNA expression in IM but not SC adipocytes. These data indicated that oleic acid alters mRNA and protein concentrations of GPR43 in bovine IM adipocytes.