Anti-angiogenic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of nanoemulsions synthesized by Cuminum cyminum L. tinctures

The antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiangiogenic effects of the nanoemulsions synthesized using cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) tincture were evaluated. The zeta potential and droplets' sizes, as well as the morphological appearance of nanoemulsions were assessed using a particle-size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was assessed against 2, 2 '-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals; disc diffusion analysis was conducted against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia, and anti-angiogenic activity was determined using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Finally, the gene expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) were analyzed by real-time PCR. The synthesized nanoemulsions had good and dose-dependent radical scavenging capacity as observed in the ABTS and DPPH assays (IC50 of about 31.2 and 14.2 mu g/mL respectively). Disc diffusion analysis showed that the inhibition zones for S. aureus and K. pneumonia were 3 +/- 0.1 and 11 +/- 0.9 mm, respectively, which confirmed the antibacterial activity of the nanoemulsions. Also, the anti-angiogenic effect of the nanoemulsions was confirmed by reduced length and number of vessels in the CAM assay and decreased gene expressions of VEGF and VEGF-R in real-time PCR. As the nanoemulsions synthesized by the tincture of C. cyminum L. showed remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-angiogenic effects, these bio-functional substances can be applied as beneficial agents in food and medical fields.