We present the oldest known synopsis of Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz's lectures. The lectures recorded by Stefan Oleksiuk mainly concern the part of logic called, in Polish terminology, "logical semiotics" ( application of formal logic to matters of natural language). Ajdukiewicz discusses several important philosophical issues, such as the problem of meaning, representation, the status of general names, the truth-value of sentences or propositions, and identity.