Development of a Novel Animal Burn Model Using Radiant Heat in Rats and Swine

Objectives: The objective was to develop a novel animal model of burns in rats and pigs. Methods: The model uses heat that is delivered via a radiant heater with an opening of 5 cm by 5 cm, set at 400 degrees C, for 20 seconds. An advantage of this model is that the heating source does not come into direct contact with the animal, and the heat dispersion surrounding its center is very constant. The device was evaluated in 40 rats and seven pigs. With rats, three to four burns were created on each rat, resulting in a burn covering a total body surface area of 30% to 50%. In pigs, 16 burns were created on each animal. Results: In rats, infliction of burns resulted in mortality rates of 0%-50% depending on the size of the burns and the rats. In pigs, the burns reepithelialized within approximately 3 weeks and resulted in hourglass contracted scars in two of three burns within 1 month. Conclusions: The authors describe a novel animal burn model that utilizes radiant heat to create consistent burns that maximizes safety to the investigators and animals. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17: 514-520 (C) 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine