Efficient application of carbon-based nanomaterials for high-performance perovskite solar cells

The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has rapidly risen from 3.8% to over 25.0% in just about one decade, which attracts a lot of attention from the scientific and engineering communities. However, some challenges remain, hindering the progress of commercialization such as intrinsic and extrinsic (environmental) stabilities, which can be improved by an interface and structural engineering. In recent years, some reports indicate that the interfacial engineering using carbon-based nanomaterials additives plays a crucial role in the process of charge carriers and perovskite crystal growth and thereby enhances device performance and operational stability. Here, we review the development of the varieties of carbon-based nanomaterials applications in PSCs, such as hole-transporting layers (HTLs), electron-transporting layers (ETLs), perovskite bulk layer, and their interfaces. Furthermore, we proposed a further suggestion about the optimized preparation conditions for the preparation of PSCs, which may inspire the researcher to discover, design, and manufacture the more efficient perovskite solar cells in academic and industry.