THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND TRADITIONAL CULTIVATION AND SOME NUTRIENTS ON THE YIELD OF CORN AND SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL

The field experiment was conducted during the autumn season in a sandy loam soil in the city of Al-Rifai, north of Dhi-Qar to study the use of organic and traditional agriculture and know its effect on the growth and yield of maize plant and the content of elements (N, P and K) in soil and plants and study the physical properties of the soil. Cultivation was conducted in plots, the area of one plot is 2 x 3 m according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and with three replications. The factors are the organic and chemical fertilizer: organic fertilizers, sewage sludge and sheep manure, at levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 mega.g.ha(-1) for both fertilizers, while the third replicate represented the method of traditional cultivation, in which chemical fertilization was used for the main elements (N, P and K). The percentage of organic matter in the soil increased significantly after harvest when the crop was grown organically in the presence of sewage sludge fertilizers and sheep manure at the level of 30 ig.ha(-1) organic matter, which amounted to 14.1% and 12.1%, respectively, compared to the control treatment, which was 60.0% in traditional cultivation. The values of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in the availability soil also increased after harvest and reached at the level of 30 mega.g.ha(-1) organic matter for sheep manure and sewage sludge (77, 33, 65,8, 112.55) and (60, 32, 17,9, 45, 87) mg. kg soil(-1), respectively, compared to the control treatment, in which these values reached (08, 25, 68.7, 72, 69) mg.kg soil(-1), respectively, when the crop was grown in traditional cultivation. There was a significant increase in the studied growth traits and corn yield of grain when growing the crop organically in the presence of sheep and sewage sludge compared to the control treatment in which no organic fertilizers were used in traditional cultivation.