Orders of Participation in Inclusive Education. The Difference Between Moral Norms and the Norms of Social Practices

The difference between (educational) ambitions and the in-situ patterns of behaviour in classrooms have already been elaborated in structure- and practice-theoretical studies. Results from the project "Hilfe in Interaktionen im inklusiven Unterricht" ["Assistance in Interactions in Inclusive Classes"] (DFG) show that this disconnectedness is increasing due to the human rights-oriented developments in inclusive schooling, especially in the context of co-operative learning settings, which have been recommended for heterogeneous groups of learners. Thus, the difference between inclusive educational norms and inclusive classroom practices cannot be resolved. The resulting structural problem of inclusion in the classroom is delegated to ever smaller units of interaction. These empirical findings are embedded and discussed in terms of systemizing remarks with regard to the emergence of normative orders, particularly with regard to the difference between moral norms and the norms of social practices.