Hybrid composites composed of bio-based thin-ply carbon fibre prepreg and flame-retardant mats (E20MI) have been produced to investigate the effects of laminate design on their fire protection performance and mechanical properties. These flame-retardant mats rely primarily on expandable graphite, mineral wool and glass fibre to generate a thermal barrier that releases incombustible gasses and protects the underlying material. A flame retardant (FR) mat is incorporated into the carbon fibre bio-based polymeric laminate and the relationship between the fire protection properties and mechanical properties is investigated. Hybrid composite laminates containing FR mats either at the exterior surfaces or embedded 2-plies deep have been tested by the limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test and cone calorimetry. The addition of the surface or embedded E20MI flame retardant mats resulted in an improvement from a base line of 33.1% to 47.5% and 45.8%, respectively. All laminates passed the vertical burning test standard of FAR 25.853. Cone calorimeter data revealed an increase in the time to ignition (TTI) for the hybrid composites containing the FR mat, while the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (TTR) were greatly reduced. Furthermore, the maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) values indicated that both composites with flame retardant mats had achieved the requirements of EN 45545-2. However, the tensile strengths of laminates with surface or embedded flame-retardant mats were reduced from 1215.94 MPa to 885.92 MPa and 975.48 MPa, respectively. Similarly, the bending strength was reduced from 836.41 MPa to 767.03 MPa and 811.36 MPa, respectively.
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PSG Inst Technol & Appl Res, Dept Mech Engn, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, IndiaPSG Inst Technol & Appl Res, Dept Mech Engn, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India
Senthilkumar, K.
Chandrasekar, M.
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Hindustan Inst Technol & Sci, SIMCRASH Ctr, Dept Aerosp Engn, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, IndiaPSG Inst Technol & Appl Res, Dept Mech Engn, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India
Chandrasekar, M.
Jawaid, Mohammad
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United Arab Emirates Univ UAEU, Coll Engn, Chem & Petr Engn Dept, POB 15551, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates
Univ Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Lab Biocomposite Technol, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul, MalaysiaPSG Inst Technol & Appl Res, Dept Mech Engn, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India
Jawaid, Mohammad
Fouad, Hassan
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King Saud Univ, Community Coll, Appl Med Sci Dept, POB 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi ArabiaPSG Inst Technol & Appl Res, Dept Mech Engn, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India
Fouad, Hassan
Abu-Jdayil, Basim
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PSG Inst Technol & Appl Res, Dept Mech Engn, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, IndiaPSG Inst Technol & Appl Res, Dept Mech Engn, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India
机构:
Univ Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Dept Biocomposite Lab, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Univ Teknol MARA, Fac Appl Sci, Dept Wood Technol, Jengka 26400, Pahang, MalaysiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Dept Biocomposite Lab, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Sarmin, Siti Noorbaini
Jawaid, Mohammad
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Univ Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Dept Biocomposite Lab, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Univ Teknol Malaysia, Malaysia Japan Int Inst Technol, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, MalaysiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Dept Biocomposite Lab, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Jawaid, Mohammad
Zaki, Sheikh Ahmad
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Univ Teknol Malaysia, Malaysia Japan Int Inst Technol, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, MalaysiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Dept Biocomposite Lab, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Zaki, Sheikh Ahmad
Radzi, Ali Mohd
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Univ Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Dept Biocomposite Lab, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Dept Biocomposite Lab, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Radzi, Ali Mohd
Fouad, Hassan
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King Saud Univ, Community Coll, Appl Med Sci Dept, POB 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi ArabiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Dept Biocomposite Lab, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Fouad, Hassan
Khiari, Ramzi
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Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceUniv Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Dept Biocomposite Lab, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Khiari, Ramzi
Rahayu, Sri
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Univ Gadjah Mada, Fac Forestry, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Dept Biocomposite Lab, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Rahayu, Sri
Amini, Mohd Hazim Mohamad
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Univ Malaysia Kelantan, Fac Bioengn & Technol, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Dept Biocomposite Lab, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
机构:
Botswana Int Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Energy & Ind Engn, Palapye, BotswanaBotswana Int Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Energy & Ind Engn, Palapye, Botswana
Mulenga, Timothy K.
Ude, Albert U.
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Botswana Int Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Energy & Ind Engn, Palapye, Botswana
Univ Johannesburg, Fac Engn & Built Environm, Doornfontein, South Africa
Botswana Int Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Energy & Ind Engn, Khurumela, Palapye, BotswanaBotswana Int Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Energy & Ind Engn, Palapye, Botswana
Ude, Albert U.
Chinnasamy, Vivekanandhan
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Botswana Int Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Energy & Ind Engn, Palapye, BotswanaBotswana Int Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Energy & Ind Engn, Palapye, Botswana
机构:
Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Univ Malaysia Perlis, Fac Engn Technol, Padang Besar 02600, Perlis, MalaysiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Radzi, Mohd Hafiezal Mohd
Abdan, Khalina
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Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Univ Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Lab Biocomposite Technol, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Abdan, Khalina
Abidin, Zurina Zainal
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Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Univ Putra Malaysia, Inst Trop Forestry & Forest Prod INTROP, Lab Biocomposite Technol, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Abidin, Zurina Zainal
Deros, Mohd Azaman Md
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Univ Malaysia Perlis, Sch Mfg Engn, Arau 02600, Perlis, MalaysiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Deros, Mohd Azaman Md
Zin, Mohd Hanafee
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Aerosp Malaysian Innovat Ctr AMIC, 3-6-01 GMI, Kajang 43000, Selangor, MalaysiaUniv Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia