Role of SD-OCT in the diagnosis and prognosis of macular hypoplasia in nystagmus patients

Purpose. To investigate whether spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is helpful for the diagnosis and prognosis of foveal hypoplasia in patients with overt nystagmus. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 patients with overt nystagmus. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including best corrected visual acuity, biomicroscopic and fundus examinations. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography was performed using 3D OCT-2000 FA PLUS Topcon, Tokyo, Japan, for the diagnosis and grading of foveal hypoplasia, using the Thomas classification, and its possible correlation with visual acuity. Results. Foveal hypoplasia was diagnosed in 6 patients (12.5%). The mean age of the patients was 13.2 years (10-18 years). Mean visual acuity was 1.53/10 (0.87 LogMAR). Foveal hypoplasia was associated with aniridia in 2 patients, albinism in 3 patients and keratoconus in 1 case. On SD-OCT, foveal hypoplasia was grade 4 in 4 patients and grade 3 in 2 patients. Mean visual acuity was 2.55/10 in patients with grade 3 foveal hypoplasia and 1.22/10 in patients with grade 4 foveal hypoplasia, and the difference in visual acuity between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion. SD-OCT plays a double role in the diagnosis and prognosis of foveal hypoplasia in patients with nystagmus. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.