The east-west effect for atmospheric neutrinos

The atmospheric neutrino fluxes observed by underground detectors are not symmetric under rotations around the vertical axis. The flux is largest (smallest) for the v's traveling toward east (west), This asymmetry is the result of the effects of the geomagnetic field on the primary cosmic rays and on their showers. The size of the asymmetry is to a good approximation independent of the existence of neutrino oscillations and can, in principle, be predicted without any ambiguity due to the existence of unknown new physics. We show that there is an interesting hint of discrepancy between the experimental measurement of the east-west asymmetry by Super-Kamiokande and the existing theoretical predictions. We argue that the discrepancy is a real effect caused by the neglect, in the existing calculations, of the bending of the charged secondary particles (particularly muons) in the cosmic ray showers. The inclusion of this effect in the calculation gives results in quantitative agreement with the data. We comment on the implications of this result for the study of neutrino oscillations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.