Endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and e-selectin in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Introduction and objectives. The acute inflammatory response is an important phenomenon in the pathogenesis of myocardial damage during acute coronary syndrome. Endothelial dysfunction has been found in unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction, although the results are controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of the soluble endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin, in patients with unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction, compare the results in both groups, and analyze their relation with the degree of myocardial injury. Method. Serum concentrations of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were measured in 37 control subjects and 43 patients (32 with acute myocardial infarction and 11 with unstable angina). Measurements were made at the time of admission and ten days later using commercial enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) kits (R&D Systems, UK). Results. There was a significant increase in E-selectin (p < 0.05) in patients with unstable angina at admission and ten days later. In contrast, patients with acute myocardial infarction showed no significant differences in E-selectin compared with the control group at admission or ten days later. A significant increase in VCAM-1 levels was demonstrated in both groups of patients and ICAM-1 levels in acute myocardial infarction, but the concentrations of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in both groups of patients at admission and ten days later did not differ significantly. There was no relation between soluble endothelial adhesion molecule levels and the severity of myocardial damage estimated by cardiac enzymes or electrocardiographic changes. Conclusion. This study indicates that serum levels of E-selectin, measured at time of admission and ten days later, could be a marker for unstable angina and might be useful in the differential diagnosis with myocardial infarction.