Habitual physical activity and central artery stiffening in older adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study

Introduction:Regular physical activity appears to attenuate or even reverse age-related arterial stiffening. Yet, it is not clear if the reduced stiffening associated with habitual physical activity is also observed in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:Among 3893 older adults in a prospective cohort study, we associated physical activity with measures of central arterial stiffness (via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity or cfPWV) and pressure pulsatility (via central pulse pressure or cPP). We also examined the association of long-term habitual physical activity, measured as persistence in physical activity levels from mid-life to late-life, with cfPWV and cPP among 1747 participants.Results:The adjusted mean difference in cfPWV was lower, reflecting less arterial stiffness, for those with moderate (ss=-0.30m/s) or high (ss=-0.38m/s) physical activity compared with no physical activity. The adjusted mean difference in cPP was also lower for those with high (ss=-2.49mmHg) physical activity, relative to no physical activity. Stronger effect estimates were observed among those with persistent physical activity from mid-life to late-life.Conclusion:Higher physical activity in late-life, and habitual physical activity from mid-life to late-life, is associated with lower central arterial stiffness and pressure pulsatility in a large population-based sample of community-dwelling older adults.