Effect of feeding modality on interstage growth after stage I palliation: A report from the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative

Objectives: Achieving adequate growth after stage 1 palliation for children with single-ventricle heart defects often requires supplemental nutrition through enteral tubes. Significant practice variability exists between centers in the choice of feeding tube. The impact of feeding modality on the growth of patients with a single ventricle after stage 1 palliation was examined using the multiinstitutional National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative data registry. Methods: Characteristics of patients were compared by feeding modality, defined as oral only, nasogastric tube only, oral and nasogastric tube, gastrostomy tube only, and oral and gastrostomy tube. The impact of feeding modality on change in weight for age z-score during the interstage period, from stage 1 palliation discharge to stage 2 palliation, was evaluated by multivariable linear regression, adjusting for important patient characteristics and postoperative morbidities. Results: In this cohort of 465 patients, all groups demonstrated improved weight for age z-score during the interstage period with a mean increase of 0.3 +/- 0.8. In multivariable analysis, feeding modality was not associated with differences in the change in weight for age z-score during the interstage period (P = .72). Risk factors for poor growth were a diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (P = .003), vocal cord injury (P = .007), and lower target caloric goal at discharge (P = .001). Conclusions: In this large multicenter cohort, interstage growth improved for all groups and did not differ by feeding modality. With appropriate caloric goals and interstage monitoring, adequate growth may be achieved regardless of feeding modality and therefore local comfort and complication risk should dictate feeding modality.