Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Panurothelial Carcinoma Treated with Radical Nephroureterectomy Following Cystectomy for Metachronous Recurrence

Purpose: We report pathological, functional and oncologic outcomes in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy following radical cystectomy. Materials and Methods: We identified patients who underwent radical cystectomy and then radical nephroureterectomy for metachronous urothelial recurrence at our institution between January 1995 and December 2014. Univariable Cox regression was used to assess the association between overall survival and age, grade, stage, lymph node metastasis and radiographic findings. Results: Of the 3,173 patients treated with radical cystectomy 64 underwent subsequent radical nephroureterectomy for metachronous urothelial recurrence. Median age at radical cystectomy was 66 years (IQR 61-74). In the 64 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy median time from radical cystectomy to radical nephroureterectomy was 2.7 years (IQR 1.4-4.6). Among 37 patients who underwent ureteroscopy prior to radical nephroureterectomy 29 (78%) had a positive biopsy. Radical nephroureterectomy pathology findings revealed locally advanced disease (pT3/pT4) in 39% of cases and positive node status in 11% compared with locally advanced disease in 17% and positive node status in 6% on radical cystectomy pathology findings. The post-radical nephroureterectomy estimated glomerular filtration rate was less than 60 and less than 30 ml/minute/1.73 m(2) in 96% and 40% of patients, respectively. Median overall survival after radical nephroureterectomy was 3.1 years (95% CI 2.4-4.3). Only lymph node involvement at radical nephroureterectomy was significantly associated with worse overall mortality (HR 2.73, 95% CI 1.04-7.15, p = 0.041). Conclusions: The prognosis is poor in patients with panurothelial carcinoma treated with nephroureterectomy following cystectomy with locally advanced disease in a large proportion. Renal function after these procedures diminished and almost all patients were ineligible for cisplatin based chemotherapy.