The WALKABOUT: Using virtual environments to assess large-scale spatial abilities

Computer-simulated virtual environments (VEs) offer promise for assessing people's spatial abilities in large real-world environments. This paper introduces the WALKABOUT, a VE-based test that simulates navigation through large spaces. Participants' ability to form an accurate mental representation of a familiar large-scale environment correlated nearly as highly with their performance on the WALKABOUT as it did with their self-reported sense of direction. Performance on two subscales of the test further indicated that the ability to account for changing egocentric relationships as a result of self-movement and the ability to recognize a novel perspective on an environment are both significantly related to spatial ability at the environmental scale. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.