Handling and treatment of produced water is becoming an increasing part of oil and gas production. A major challenge in this respect is removal of oil drops stabilised by particles. Understanding the influence of interfacial and wetting properties of crude oil-particle+ systems on the formation of particle stabilised emulsions is therefore essential. Elucidating these relationships was the aim of this investigation. Synthetic produced water containing different particles and crude oil were studied. The morphology of aggregates formed by crude oil drops and particles was strongly related to the contact angle (theta(wo)) at the water-oil-particle interfaces. High theta(wo) resulted in formation of particle stabilised emulsions, while less defined aggregates were formed at lower theta(wo) Furthermore, coalescence of drops was related to the coverage of particles at the interface. Stable drops covered by particles were only seen when the amount of particles was significant. Otherwise drops tended to coalesce, likely due to particle bridging. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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页码:198 / 204
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