Gender incongruence/dysphoria in children and adolescents: overview and implications for dentistry

Introduction Over the past 10 to 15 years, there has been growing recognition that the traditional spectrum of gender-defined dichotomised roles does not necessarily, or accurately, fit within a certain subsection of the population. A condition associated with gender incongruity that dental practitioners must be aware of is gender dysphoria. Aims Our role as dental and oral healthcare professionals necessitates us to provide safe and effective dental healthcare to all members of the population; as such, it is essential for dental healthcare professionals to undertake appropriate professional development to increase their knowledge of gender dysphoria. Overview of gender dysphoria While gender incongruity is not considered a disorder on its own merit, when it is associated with significant distress or disability, the term 'gender dysphoria' is applied. The aetiological factors that underpin gender dysphoria are still yet to be fully understood; however, it is generally accepted that it arises from a combination of biological and psychosocial factors. In the UK, all paediatric and adolescent gender incongruence referrals are managed by specialist clinicians working within multidisciplinary clinics. Implications for dentistry Our focus in this paper is to highlight and aid the dental team in the management of patients with gender dysphoria alongside providing clinical tips in the clinical management of these patients by dental clinicians. Conclusion It is important that dental healthcare professionals familiarise themselves with the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment pathway of this important subset of the population.