Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is an important afforestation species in northern China. However, P. sylvestris plantations have severely declined in most areas where they have been introduced. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are closely related to host plant growth and have important roles in the forest ecosystem, especially in Pinus forests. Hence, EMF may additionally furnish perception toward decline of P. sylvestris plantations. To date, the community composition of EMF associated with P. sylvestris stay vague. Therefore, to characterize the ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal community, soil-root samples were analyzed from P. sylvestris plantations with three stand ages in the Horqin Sandy Land. (1) EMF associated with P. sylvestris plantations belonged to 2 phyla, 4 classes, 10 orders, 14 families, and 17 genera in the Horqin Sandy Land. The dominant fungal genus was Wilcoxina. (2) The diversity and community composition of EMF differed with stand age (P < 0.01), and the EMF community composition was most similar between half-mature and nearly-mature plantations. (3) The soil porosity, soil particle composition, pH, soil organic carbon and total phosphorus content had been the predominant determinants of the EMF community structure. This improved information indicated that the EM fungal community associated with P. sylvestris changed with soil environment ensuring from stand ageing in the Horqin Sandy Land. It contributes to the variations in EM fungal communities with the forest development, and affords a firm premise for the higher grasp of the degradation of the P. sylvestris plantations in northern China.