Teachers' self-efficacy in 14 OECD countries: Teacher, student group, school and leadership effects

Going beyond previous studies of Teacher Self-Efficacy (TSE) we investigated the effects of personal characteristics, student group and school contextual features, and leadership effects on teachers' self-efficacy among 44,701 teachers in 2648 schools in 14 OECD countries (in the TALIS 2007 dataset). 88.7% of the variance in TSE resided between teachers, 2.9% between schools, and 8.5% between countries. Going beyond previous single-country studies, we show that students' achievement and SES are relevant internationally. Furthermore, the principal's work experience and the leadership style were significant predictors of TSE, and thus suggest a new direction for research in TSE. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.