Chlortetracycline staining patterns of frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa treated with β-cyclodextrins, dibutyryl cAMP and progesterone

Efforts to achieve complete chemical definition of media used for in vitro capacitation of bovine spermatozoa including removal of heparin purified from porcine intestinal mucosa are presented. Fluorescent staining with chlortetracycline (CTC), known to reflect changes coincident with sperm capacitation in certain species, was studied following treatments of frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa with beta-cyclodextrins, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) and progesterone in comparison with heparin. The CTC staining patterns (F, B and AR) were confirmed to correlate with known conditions that effectively prepare cryopreserved bull spermatozoa for fertilisation in vitro. In the absence of glucose, the routinely employed heparin-containing capacitating medium caused an increase in spermatozoa displaying the AR pattern. Both progesterone (100 mu M) and dbcAMP (0.01-0.1 mM) were able to increase the proportion of B pattern stained sperm cells more than after exposure to control (mDM) conditions without a significant reduction in motility. Exposure to either dbcAMP or beta-cyclodextrins was accompanied by an increase in proportions of spermatozoa displaying the AR pattern over those seen in controls. Exposure to beta-cyclodextrins did not increase the proportion of B pattern stained spermatozoa. Comparison of spermatozoa from two bulls revealed differential responses of spermatozoa from different males to treatments with heparin and progesterone. In vitro fertilisation results demonstrated that previously cryopreserved bull spermatozoa could be capacitated in chemically defined conditions devoid of heparin or other biological components.