Predictors of Anxiety in the COVID-19 Pandemic from a Global Perspective: Data from 23 Countries

被引：39

作者：

Burkova, Valentina N. ^{[1
,2
]}

Butovskaya, Marina L. ^{[1
,2
]}

Randall, Ashley K. ^{[3
]}

Fedenok, Julija N. ^{[1
]}

Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh ^{[4
]}

Alghraibeh, Ahmad M. ^{[5
]}

Allami, Fathil Bakir Mutsher ^{[6
]}

Alpaslan, Fadime Suata ^{[7
]}

Al-Zu'bi, Mohammad Ahmad Abdelaziz ^{[8
]}

Bicer, Derya Fatma ^{[9
]}

Cetinkaya, Hakan ^{[10
]}

David, Oana Alexandra ^{[11
]}

Donato, Silvia ^{[12
]}

Dural, Seda ^{[13
]}

Erickson, Paige ^{[14
]}

Ermakov, Alexey M. ^{[15
]}

Ertugrul, Berna ^{[7
]}

Fayankinnu, Emmanuel Abiodun ^{[16
]}

Fisher, Maryanne L. ^{[17
]}

Hocker, Lauren ^{[3
]}

Hromatko, Ivana ^{[18
]}

Kasparova, Elena ^{[19
]}

Kavina, Alexander ^{[20
]}

Khatatbeh, Yahya M. ^{[21
]}

Khun-Inkeeree, Hareesol ^{[22
]}

Kline, Kai M. ^{[3
]}

Koc, Firat ^{[23
]}

Kolodkin, Vladimir ^{[24
]}

MacEacheron, Melanie ^{[25
]}

Maruf, Irma Rachmawati ^{[26
]}

Mesko, Norbert ^{[27
]}

Mkrtchyan, Ruzan ^{[28
]}

Nurisnaeny, Poppy Setiawati ^{[29
]}

Ojedokun, Oluyinka ^{[30
]}

Adebayo, Damilola ^{[30
]}

Omar-Fauzee, Mohd S. B. ^{[31
]}

Ozener, Baris ^{[7
]}

Ponciano, Edna Lucia Tinoco ^{[32
,33
,34
,35
]}

Rizwan, Muhammad ^{[36
]}

Sabiniewicz, Agnieszka ^{[37
]}

Spodina, Victoriya I. ^{[38
]}

Stoyanova, Stanislava ^{[39
]}

Tripathi, Nachiketa ^{[40
]}

Upadhyay, Satwik ^{[40
]}

Weisfeld, Carol ^{[14
]}

Yaakob, Mohd Faiz Mohd ^{[41
]}

Yusof, Mat Rahimi ^{[41
]}

Zinurova, Raushaniia I. ^{[42
]}

机构：

[1] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ethnol & Anthropol, Ctr Cross Cultural Psychol & Human Ethol, Moscow 119991, Russia

[2] Natl Res Univ, Int Ctr Anthropol, Higher Sch Econ, Moscow 101000, Russia

[3] Arizona State Univ, Counseling & Counseling Psychol, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA

[4] Baqiyatallah Univ Med Sci, Behav Sci Res Ctr, Tehran 193955478, Iran

[5] King Saud Univ, Dept Psychol, Riyadh 2458, Saudi Arabia

[6] Univ Misan, Phys Educ & Sport Sci, Amarah 62001, Maysan, Iraq

[7] Istanbul Univ, Dept Anthropol, TR-34452 Istanbul, Turkey

[8] Zarqa Univ, Fac Educ Sci, Dept Early Childhood, Zarqa City 5468, Jordan

[9] Sivas Cumhuriyet Univ, Dept Business Adm, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey

[10] Ankara Univ, Dept Psychol, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey

[11] Babes Bolyai Univ Cluj Napoca, Dept Clin Psychol & Psychotherapy, Cluj Napoca 400015, Romania

[12] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Dept Psychol, I-20123 Milan, Italy

[13] Izmir Univ Econ, Dept Psychol, TR-35330 Izmir, Turkey

[14] Univ Detroit Mercy, Dept Psychol, Detroit, MI 48221 USA

[15] Don State Tech Univ, Fac Bioengn & Vet Med, Rostov Na Donu 344000, Russia

[16] Adekunle Ajasin Univ, Dept Sociol, Akungba Akoko 001, Nigeria

[17] St Marys Univ, Dept Psychol, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada

[18] Dept Psychol, Fac Humanities & Social Sci, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[19] Belarusian State Univ, Dept Pedag & Problems Educ Dev, Minsk 220030, BELARUS

[20] St Johns Univ Tanzania, Dept Hist, Dodoma 47, Tanzania

[21] Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic Univ, Dept Psychol, Riyadh 5701, Saudi Arabia

[22] Walailak Univ, Sch Languages & Gen Educ, Thasala Dist 80160, Nakhon Si Thamm, Thailand

[23] Hitit Univ, Dept Anthropol, TR-19030 Corum, Turkey

[24] Don State Tech Univ, Fac Media Commun & Multimediatechnol, Rostov Na Donu 344000, Russia

[25] Arizona State Univ, Sch Social & Behav Sci, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA

[26] Pasundan Univ, Post Grad Notary Law Program, Bandung West Java 40113, Indonesia

[27] Univ Pecs, Inst Psychol, Dept Gen & Evolutionary Psychol, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary

[28] Yerevan State Univ, Fac Hist, Dept Cultural Studies, Yerevan 0025, Armenia

[29] State Intelligence Coll, Bogor 16001, Indonesia

[30] Adekunle Ajasin Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Psychol, Akungba Akoko 01, Nigeria

[31] Univ Utara Malaysia, Sch Educ, Sintok 06010, Kedah, Malaysia

[32] Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Inst Psychol, BR-20943000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[33] Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Ctr Social Studies, BR-20943000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[34] Univ Coimbra, Inst Psychol, P-3004 Coimbra, Portugal

[35] Univ Coimbra, Ctr Social Studies, P-3004 Coimbra, Portugal

[36] Univ Haripur, Dept Psychol, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan

[37] Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Smell & Taste Clin, D-01069 Dresden, Germany

[38] Ob Ugr Inst Appl Res & Dev, Dept Hist & Ethnol, Khanty Mansiysk 628011, Russia

[39] South West Univ Neofit Rilski, Dept Psychol, Blagoevgrad 2700, Bulgaria

[40] Indian Inst Technol Guwahati, Dept Humanities & Social Sci, Gauhati 781039, Assam, India

[41] Univ Utara Malaysia, Sch Educ & Modern Languages, Sintok 06010, Kedah, Malaysia

[42] Kazan Natl Res Technol Univ, Inst Innovat Management, Kazan 420015, Russia

来源：

SUSTAINABILITY | 2021年 / 13卷 / 07期

基金：

匈牙利科学研究基金会;

关键词：

COVID-19; pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; infection; anxiety; stress; cross-cultural; individualism; collectivism; power distance; looseness; tightness; PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS; CULTURAL TIGHTNESS; CHRONIC STRESS; HEALTH; TRANSLATION; COLLECTIVISM; ADAPTATION; VALIDATION; DISORDER; STUDENTS;

D O I：

10.3390/su13074017

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Prior and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have resulted in substantial changes to everyday life. The pandemic and measures of its control affect mental health negatively. Self-reported data from 15,375 participants from 23 countries were collected from May to August 2020 during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two questionnaires measuring anxiety level were used in this study-the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The associations between a set of social indicators on anxiety during COVID-19 (e.g., sex, age, country, live alone) were tested as well. Self-reported anxiety during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic varied across countries, with the maximum levels reported for Brazil, Canada, Italy, Iraq and the USA. Sex differences of anxiety levels during COVID-19 were also examined, and results showed women reported higher levels of anxiety compared to men. Overall, our results demonstrated that the self-reported symptoms of anxiety were higher compared to those reported in general before pandemic. We conclude that such cultural dimensions as individualism/collectivism, power distance and looseness/tightness may function as protective adaptive mechanisms against the development of anxiety disorders in a pandemic situation.

引用

页数：23

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