This paper examines the relationship between HRM (in terms of the orientation of the function) and firm performance in Greek firms, using the universalistic approach. In order to acquire a better view of this much-researched issue, measures for various aspects of firm performance have been used, controlling for external environment, competitive strategy, and organizational size. The research findings show that HRM has a more significant influence on growth/innovation indices, as opposed to financial performance. Also, high orientation in ad HRM models does not lead to improved firm performance, as was initially expected