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Alcohol Expectancies and Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Mediate the Association of Impulsivity With Alcohol Misuse
被引:87
作者:
Gullo, Matthew J.
[1
]
Dawe, Sharon
[1
]
Kambouropoulos, Nicolas
[2
]
Staiger, Petra K.
[2
]
Jackson, Chris J.
[3
]
机构:
[1] Griffith Univ, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
[2] Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
[3] Univ New S Wales, Australian Business Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia
来源:
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
|
2010年
/
34卷
/
08期
关键词:
Impulsivity;
Alcohol Expectancy;
Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy;
Alcohol;
Reward;
IDENTIFICATION TEST AUDIT;
SUBSTANCE USE;
PSYCHOLOGICAL-RESEARCH;
PERSONALITY-TRAITS;
FAMILY-HISTORY;
WORKING-MEMORY;
MISSING DATA;
REWARD;
QUESTIONNAIRE;
RELIABILITY;
D O I:
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01222.x
中图分类号:
R194 [卫生标准、卫生检查、医药管理];
学科分类号:
摘要:
Background: Recent work suggests that 2 biologically based traits convey risk for alcohol misuse: reward sensitivity/drive and (rash) impulsiveness. However, the cognitive mechanisms through which these traits convey risk are unclear. This study tested a model predicting that the risk conveyed by reward sensitivity is mediated by a learning bias for the reinforcing outcomes of alcohol consumption (i.e., positive alcohol expectancy). The model also proposed that the risk conveyed by rash impulsiveness (RI) is mediated by drinkers' perceived ability to resist alcohol (i.e., drinking refusal self-efficacy). Methods: Study 1 tested the model in a sample of young adults (n = 342). Study 2 tested the model in a sample of treatment-seeking substance abusers (n = 121). All participants completed a battery of personality, cognitive, and alcohol use questionnaires and models were tested using structural equation modeling. Results: In both studies, the hypothesized model was found to provide a good fit to the data, and a better fit than alternative models. In both young adults and treatment-seeking individuals, positive alcohol expectancy fully mediated the association between reward sensitivity and hazardous alcohol use. For treatment seekers, drinking refusal self-efficacy fully mediated the association between RI and hazardous drinking. However, there was partial mediation in the young adult sample. Furthermore, neither trait was directly associated with the other cognitive mediator. Conclusions: The hypothesized model was confirmed on a large sample of young adults and replicated on a sample of treatment-seeking substance abusers. Taken together, these findings shed further light on the mechanisms through which an impulsive temperament may convey risk for alcohol misuse.
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页码:1386 / 1399
页数:14
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