Optimization of the Preparation of Activated Carbon from Prickly Pear Seed Cake for the Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution

被引：31

作者：

Dhahri, Rimene ^{[1
,2
]}

Yilmaz, Murat ^{[3
]}

Mechi, Lassaad ^{[4
]}

Alsukaibi, Abdulmohsen Khalaf Dhahi ^{[4
]}

Alimi, Fathi ^{[4
]}

ben Salem, Ridha ^{[5
]}

Moussaoui, Younes ^{[2
,5
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Gafsa, Fac Sci Gafsa, Lab Applicat Mat Environm Water & Energy LR21ES15, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia

[2] Univ Gafsa, Fac Sci Gafsa, Dept Chem, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia

[3] Osmaniye Korkut Ata Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Chem Engn, TR-80000 Osmaniye, Turkey

[4] Univ Hail, Coll Sci, Dept Chem, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia

[5] Univ Sfax, Fac Sci Sfax, Organ Chem Lab LR17ES08, Sfax 3029, Tunisia

来源：

SUSTAINABILITY | 2022年 / 14卷 / 06期

关键词：

prickly pear seed cake; activated carbon; removal; heavy metals; regeneration; HEAVY-METAL IONS; FAST PYROLYSIS; ADSORPTION; OIL; EXCHANGE; CD(II); COPPER; PEEL;

D O I：

10.3390/su14063245

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

In this study, we evaluated the use of prickly pear seed cake, a by-product of prickly pear seed oil extraction, as a new precursor for producing activated carbon by phosphoric acid activation, and the obtained carbon's capacity for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution. Response surface methodology based on the full factorial design at two levels (2(4)) was developed to reduce the number of experiments and reach optimal preparation conditions for the removal of cadmium and lead ions from aqueous solutions. Design Expert 11.1.2.0 Trial software was used for generating the statistical experimental design and analyzing the observed data. Factors influencing the activation process, such as carbonization temperature, activation temperature, activation time, and impregnation ratio, were studied. Responses were studied in depth with an analysis of variance to estimate their significance. Each response was outlined by a first-order regression equation demonstrating satisfactory correspondence between the predicted and experimental results as the adjusted coefficients of correlation. Based on the statistical data, the best conditions for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by the obtained activated carbon were indicated. The maximum iodine number and methylene blue index were 2527.3 mg g(-1) and 396.5 mg g(-1), respectively, using activated carbon obtained at the following conditions: Tc = 500 degrees C, Ta = 500 degrees C, impregnation ratio = 2:1 (g H3PO4: g carbon), and activation time of two hours. The maximum adsorption reached 170.2 mg g(-1) and 158.4 mg g(-1) for Cd2+ and Pb2+, respectively, using activated carbon obtained at the following conditions: Tc = 600 degrees C, Ta = 400 degrees C, impregnation ratio = 2:1 (g H3PO4: g carbon), and activation time of one hour. The activated carbon obtained was characterized by Boehm titration, pH of point of zero charge (pH(PZC)), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (S-BET), and scanning electron microscopy. Adsorption was performed according to different parameters: pH solution, adsorbent dosage, temperature, contact time, and initial concentration. Regeneration experiments proved that the obtained activated carbon still had a high removal capacity for Cd2+ and Pb2+ after five regeneration cycles.

引用

页数：17