Traditional risk factors and acute myocardial infarction in patients hospitalized with cocaine-associated chest pain

Background: Cocaine causes coronary artery constriction and may cause acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The role of traditional coronary risk factors in cocaine-associated myocardial infarction is unclear. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that traditional risk factors play a major role in predicting AMI in patients admitted with cocaine-associated chest pain Methods: After reviewing, 165 admissions for chest pain in patients with a history of recent cocaine use and/or a positive drug screen from January 2001 to December 2004, we identified 151 patients with information available on at least 6 of the following, 7 risk factors: gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and known CAD. AMI was diagnosed using WHO criteria. A risk score was calculated on the basis of the number of risk factors, gender and age. Association of AMI was evaluated with the individual risk factors and with the risk score. Results: AMI was identified in 21 patients (14%). All patients diagnosed with AMI were smokers. Continuous risk score (p < 0.0001), highest vs. lowest quartile of risk score (p = 0.007), known CAD, age, hyperlipidemia and family history of CAD were individually associated with the diagnosis of AMI (p <= 0.05). Each quartile of risk score was associated with increased odds of the diagnosis of AMI and score of 8 or higher was statistically significant. Conclusion: Several traditional risk factors are associated with the diagnosis of AMI among patients hospitalized with cocaine-associated chest pain and increasing risk factor score was associated with increasing odds of AMI diagnosis.