Evaluation of the health-risk reduction potential of countermeasures to urban heat islands

被引：94

作者：

Buchin, Oliver ^{[1
]}

Hoelscher, Marie-Therese ^{[2
]}

Meier, Fred ^{[3
]}

Nehls, Thomas ^{[2
]}

Ziegler, Felix ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Energy Engn, Energy Convers Technol, Marchstr 18, D-10587 Berlin, Germany

[2] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Ecol, Soil Conservat, Ernst Reuter Pl 1, D-10587 Berlin, Germany

[3] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Ecol, Climatol, Rothenburgstr 12, D-12165 Berlin, Germany

来源：

ENERGY AND BUILDINGS | 2016年 / 114卷

关键词：

Risk analysis; Heat wave; Heat-related risks; Heat stress; Cool roof; Cool pavement; Urban green; Passive building design; Air-conditioning; US CITIES; MITIGATION MEASURES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; COOL ROOFS; NEW-YORK; MORTALITY; IMPACTS; GREEN; VULNERABILITY; GERMANY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.038

中图分类号：

TU [建筑科学];

学科分类号：

0813 ;

摘要：

Traditional assessment of heat-related health risks neglects the influence of the building physics as outdoor conditions are used as predictor variables. Data on heat-related mortality from Berlin, Germany and from the US are evaluated with a risk concept which differentiates between outdoor and indoor hazards. Such, the influence of non-linear building physics on heat-related risks can be considered and the impact of adaptation strategies can be examined. The number of heat-related deaths in the age-group 65+ for Berlin is expected to double with each 1 K increase in ambient temperature. It can be reduced by 50% with a mean ambient air-temperature reduction of 0.8 K. Countermeasures to urban heat islands are evaluated according to their reduction potential on hazards, both indoors and outdoors. The analysis shows that classic UHI countermeasures, which are effective in reducing air-temperatures outdoors, do not necessarily reduce the indoor hazard. Regarding indoor heat-related hazards, trees, facade and roof greening, cool roofs and cool pavements have a low impact only. Measures at the building level, namely cool roofs and facade greening perform best, however, passive cooling and air-conditioning are most effective. To reduce the number of excess deaths in a changing climate, combined measures are necessary. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：27 / 37

页数：11

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