Pipeline transportation of heavy oils, a strategic, economic and technological challenge

被引：186
作者：
Saniere, A [1 ]
Hénaut, I [1 ]
Argillier, JF [1 ]
机构：
[1] IFP Energies Nouvelles, F-92852 Rueil Malmaison, France
来源：
OIL & GAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-REVUE D IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES | 2004年 / 59卷 / 05期
关键词：
D O I：
10.2516/ogst:2004031
中图分类号：
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号：
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要：
Because of very large reserves mainly located in Venezuela and Canada, heavy crude oils represent a significant energy supply. This article gives an overview of the geographical distribution of their resources and lists the recent projects of production. These projects have to face technological challenges in all phases of operation: reservoir, transportation and refining. The paper focuses on transportation, describing the different methods (heating, dilution, oil-in-water emulsion, upgrading and core annular flow). In order to improve them or develop new ones, a structural and rheological study was undertaken to appraise the origin of the high viscosity and counteract its effect.
引用
收藏
页码：455 / 466
页数：12
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