Tibial component rotation alters soft tissue balance in a cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty

Our aim was to understand whether using different landmarks for tibial component rotation influenced articular contact pressures in a balanced total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Twelve patients underwent TKA (Triathlon CR, Stryker Inc., Mahwah, NJ) and contact pressures were assessed using a wireless sensor. Robotic arm assisted TKA using a functional alignment technique was performed, with balanced gaps between medial and lateral compartments. Compartment pressures were measured with the trial tibial component rotated to Akagi's line and to Insall's axis respectively. Rotating the tibial component to Akagi's line resulted in a significantly greater proportion of knees being balanced and lower contact pressures than when the tibial component was rotated to Insall's axis at 10 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion (p < 0.05). Medial compartment pressures were significantly increased in 10 degrees of flexion, as were lateral compartment pressures in all positions when the tibial component was aligned to Insall's axis (p < 0.05). The mean difference in rotation observed with the two landmarks was 6.9 degrees (range 4.1-9.1 degrees). Rotational alignment of the tibial component using Akagi's line reduced contact pressures, improved balance and reduced the need for soft tissue release when compared with Insall's axis in robotic arm assisted TKA.