Substrate integrated waveguide based triangular antenna arrays

In this letter, an equilateral triangular antenna with two sides metallic vias resembling perfect electric conductor walls have been proposed. The antenna is designed and fabricated at 5.49 GHz with gain of 5.7 dBi and radiation efficiency of 98%. With the array element, linear (1 x 2 and 1 x 4) and planar (2 x 2) arrays have been proposed and fabricated. Both the linear arrays operate at the centre frequency of 5.43 GHz. The 1 x 2 array produces a gain of 7.5 dBi offering 49 MHz impedance bandwidth while 1 x 4 array offers 52 MHz impedance bandwidth with 10.7 dBi gain. The 2 x 2 planar array, on the other hand, gives 48 MHz impedance bandwidth with 9.6 dBi gain at the operating frequency of 5.45 GHz. The prototypes are fabricated and various antenna parameters are measured. A close agreement between simulated and measured results is observed. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:675-679, 2016