Herschel unveils a puzzling uniformity of distant dusty galaxies

被引:175
作者
Elbaz, D. [1 ]
Hwang, H. S. [1 ]
Magnelli, B. [2 ]
Daddi, E. [1 ]
Aussel, H. [1 ]
Altieri, B. [3 ]
Amblard, A. [4 ]
Andreani, P. [5 ,6 ]
Arumugam, V. [7 ]
Auld, R. [8 ]
Babbedge, T. [9 ]
Berta, S. [2 ]
Blain, A.
Bock, J. [11 ]
Bongiovanni, A. [12 ]
Boselli, A. [13 ]
Buat, V. [13 ]
Burgarella, D. [13 ]
Castro-Rodriguez, N. [12 ]
Cava, A. [12 ]
Cepa, J. [12 ]
Chanial, P. [9 ]
Chary, R. -R. [10 ]
Cimatti, A. [14 ]
Clements, D. L. [9 ]
Conley, A. [15 ]
Conversi, L. [3 ]
Cooray, A. [4 ]
Dickinson, M. [16 ]
Dominguez, H. [17 ]
Dowell, C. D. [11 ]
Dunlop, J. S. [7 ]
Dwek, E. [18 ]
Eales, S. [8 ]
Farrah, D. [19 ]
Schreiber, N. Foerster [2 ]
Fox, M. [9 ]
Franceschini, A. [20 ]
Gear, W. [8 ]
Genzel, R. [2 ]
Glenn, J. [15 ]
Griffin, M. [8 ]
Gruppioni, C. [21 ]
Halpern, M. [22 ]
Hatziminaoglou, E. [5 ]
Ibar, E. [23 ]
Isaak, K. [8 ]
Ivison, R. J. [7 ,23 ]
Lagache, G. [24 ,25 ]
Le Borgne, D. [26 ]
机构
[1] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM Paris Saclay, CEA DSM Irfu CNRS, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[2] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85741 Garching, Germany
[3] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain
[4] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
[5] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany
[6] INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
[7] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland
[8] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales
[9] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England
[10] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[11] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
[12] Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain
[13] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, OAMP, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France
[14] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
[15] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, CASA, UCB 389, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[16] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA
[17] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
[18] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[19] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England
[20] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy
[21] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
[22] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
[23] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland
[24] Univ Paris 11, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France
[25] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France
[26] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
[27] CALTECH, JPL, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, MS 100 22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[28] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England
[29] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England
[30] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England
[31] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys, Lethbridge, AB T1J 1B1, Canada
[32] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England
[33] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England
关键词
galaxies: evolution; galaxies: active; galaxies: starburst; infrared: galaxies; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; INFRARED LUMINOUS GALAXIES; FORMATION HISTORY; REDSHIFT SURVEY; FIELD; ENERGY; UNIVERSE; EVOLUTION; COUNTS;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/201014687
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
The Herschel Space Observatory enables us to accurately measure the bolometric output of starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN) by directly sampling the peak of their far-infrared (IR) emission. Here we examine whether the spectral energy distribution (SED) and dust temperature of galaxies have strongly evolved over the last 80% of the age of the Universe. We discuss possible consequences for the determination of star-formation rates (SFR) and any evidence for a major change in their star-formation properties. We use Herschel deep extragalactic surveys from 100 to 500 mu m to compute total IR luminosities in galaxies down to the faintest levels, using PACS and SPIRE in the GOODS-North field (PEP and HerMES key programs). An extension to fainter luminosities is done by stacking images on 24 mu m prior positions. We show that measurements in the SPIRE bands can be used below the statistical confusion limit if information at higher spatial resolution is used, e. g. at 24 mu m, to identify "isolated" galaxies whose flux is not boosted by bright neighbors. Below z similar to 1.5, mid-IR extrapolations are correct for star-forming galaxies with a dispersion of only 40% (0.15 dex), therefore similar to z similar to 0 galaxies, over three decades in luminosity below the regime of ultra-luminous IR galaxies (ULIRGs, L-IR >= 10(12) L-circle dot). This narrow distribution is puzzling when considering the range of physical processes that could have affected the SED of these galaxies. Extrapolations from only one of the 160 mu m, 250 mu m or 350 mu m bands alone tend to overestimate the total IR luminosity. This may be explained by the lack of far-IR constraints around and above similar to 150 mu m (rest-frame) before Herschel on those templates. We also note that the dust temperature of luminous IR galaxies (LIRGs, L-IR >= 10(11) L-circle dot) around z similar to 1 is mildly colder by 10-15% than their local analogs and up to 20% for ULIRGs at z similar to 1.6 (using a single modified blackbody-fit to the peak far-IR emission with an emissivity index of beta = 1.5). Above z = 1.5, distant galaxies are found to exhibit a substantially larger mid-over far-IR ratio, which could either result from stronger broad emission lines or warm dust continuum heated by a hidden AGN. Two thirds of the AGNs identified in the field with a measured redshift exhibit the same behavior as purely star-forming galaxies. Hence a large fraction of AGNs harbor coeval star formation at very high SFR and in conditions similar to purely star-forming galaxies.
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